Effects of Three Lower Benue Grown Cassava (Manihot esculanta) Varieties and Processes on Seven Quality Indices of Fresh Gari | |
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( Volume 2 Issue 1,January 2016 ) OPEN ACCESS | |
Author(s): | |
Ijabo. O. J., P. K. Igbo | |
Abstract: | |
Three promising cassava varieties, TMS 30572, TMS 90257 and Akpu, were processed into fresh gari and seven of their quality indices studied. The experiment consisted of 3 x 3 two factor randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with the three cassava varieties commonly grown in the Lower Benue River Basin as one factor and the other factor the three unit operations of (1) grating (2) dewatering and fermentation and (3) roasting or frying. For the seven indices used methods of determination were moisture content, bulk density and particle size distribution by gravimetric analysis, HCN and swelling capacity by volumetric analysis while water absorbtion capacity was by centrifugal means and pH by meter. Fermentation and dewatering process reduced the HCN content of the fresh peeled and grated tuber to 6.1%, 45.9% and 30.3% in the mash obtained from the three cultivars of TMS 90257, TMS 30572 and Akpu respectively whereas drying finally reduced HCN content of the respective three varieties to 1.404 and 1.62 and 1.38 mg of HCN/100 g of dry gari. Since the level of HCN for the three varieties investigated are below 2.0 mg HCN/100 g of dry gari, the gari obtained from them is safe according to SON (2004) Standard. The gari also met SON (2004} Standard in terms of TTA. The bulk densities are 0.6133 ± 0.0053 > 0.5376 ± 0.0004 > 0.5248 ± 0.0047 for TMS 30572, Akpu and TMS 90257 respectively. As for the individuals the values of swelling capacity for TMS 30572 is 400.00 ± 8.89 > Akpu is 379.67 ± 3.21 > TMS 90257 is 314.67 ± 7.09 when tested with ANOVA and means separated. Water absorbing capacity is the same for the three varieties, which is 4.74 ± 0.28. Although the gari fall into the coarse group, most of the grain sizes fall in the range of 1.00 to 1.10 mm. Gari from these three cassava varieties grown in the Lower Benue River Basin meet SON (2004) Standard and should be encouraged except that the grain size should be reduced. |
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